From dim kerosene lamps to electric lights, from smoky coal-fired power plants to clean, beautiful wind farms, from squirting gasoline cars to new energy trams – this scene has opened up a history of China's energy revolution.
Coal-fired power, hydropower, wind power and solar power generation capacity rank first in the world, nuclear power installed capacity ranks third in the world, and the scale of construction in the world ranks first. The proportion of clean energy power generation installed capacity has increased to about 40%... In the past 70 years, China's energy supply structure Continuous optimization and continuous improvement of quality have formed a multi-turn supply system of coal, oil, gas, nuclear, new energy and renewable energy multi-wheel drive, from the “one poor and two white” based on the energy industry to the world's largest energy production.
Zou Wei, CEO of the Energy Foundation and president of China, said in an interview with the First Financial News that China has gone through the roads that many developed countries have traveled for a hundred or two years in just a few decades and has become the global energy revolution. And the most exciting stage of development path innovation. Behind these eye-catching achievements are branded with distinctive Chinese characteristics.
“Although China’s per capita GDP level is still far behind that of developed countries, it has accelerated the realization of China’s energy infrastructure and technological innovation by promoting mobilization of resources, concentrated investment, and national enterprise leadership. Development and transformation. Promoting the long-term and sustainable long-term strategic planning from the national level enables China to draw a blueprint to the end. In the relevant national planning and energy policies, comprehensively and continuously promote energy development and transformation, from policy Support from various aspects such as technological innovation and investment fully demonstrates China’s determination to implement a clean and low-carbon energy development route,” said Zou Yu.
Leap-forward development of energy production
Zhang Jianhua, director of the National Energy Administration, said at the press conference of the State Council Office on September 20 that energy production has achieved a huge shift from supply shortage to overall easing, and has embarked on a new multi-wheel drive and a sound security system. the way.
At the beginning of the founding of New China, China’s energy production capacity was insufficient and the level was not high. In 1949, the total energy production was only 0.2 billion tons of standard coal.
On September 26, 1959, Songji Mitsui sprinkled industrial oil flow. On the eve of the 10th anniversary of the founding of New China, a world-class oilfield is poised for a national celebration. Daqing Oilfield is named after it.
The relevant person in charge of Daqing Oilfield told the First Financial News that through the three-year battle, Daqing Oilfield produced crude oil accounted for more than half of the country's crude oil production in the same period, which changed the backwardness of China's oil industry in one fell swoop, and China Petroleum basically achieved self-sufficiency.
Subsequently, with large oil fields such as Shengli Oilfield and Dagang Oilfield mining, China's crude oil production increased from 120,000 tons in 1949 to 190 million tons in 2018, an increase of 1574.9 times.
In addition to crude oil, the production of major energy products has developed in an all-round way. The output of raw coal was only 30 million tons in 1949, reaching 3.68 billion tons in 2018, an increase of 114.0 times; natural gas production was only 0.1 billion cubic meters in 1949, and reached 160.27 billion cubic meters in 2018, an increase of 22894.7 times.
In 2018, China's primary energy production totaled 3.77 billion tons of standard coal, 158 times that of 1949, with an average annual growth rate of 7.6%; coal-fired power, hydropower, wind power, solar power installed capacity ranked first in the world, and nuclear power installed capacity ranked third in the world. In the world of construction scale, the proportion of clean energy power generation installed capacity has increased to about 40%; major passages such as the West-East Gas Pipeline, the West-East Power Transmission, and the North Coal-South Transportation have been built, forming a cross-sect, north-south, north-south, An energy pipeline network covering the whole country and connecting overseas.
Going to high quality and cleanliness
"After several years of hard work, we together with the Xiongxian government to build Xiongxian into China's first heating geothermal city, and successfully created a 'Xiong County model' where technology can be replicated and experience can be promoted, and geothermal resources can be developed and utilized by taking heat without water. Really achieve 100% recharge of groundwater after heat extraction, to achieve sustainable use of geothermal energy, while ensuring the balance and safety of the underground environment." Sinopec related person in charge said.
Guided by the “Xiong County Model”, the geothermal heating capacity in the northern region is currently 50 million square meters, which can replace 1.42 million tons of standard coal and 3.7 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.
The “Xiong County Model” is a microcosm of the development of energy to cleanliness.
As early as 2014, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed the concept of “energy revolution” in China for energy production and energy consumption, and required the energy industry to build a “clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient” modern energy system.
As China's total energy resources continue to grow and develop, and energy use patterns accelerate changes, the energy structure continues to be greatly optimized and improved, and the process of clean and low-carbonization is accelerating.
Li Fulong, director of the Development Planning Department of the National Energy Administration, said at the above-mentioned press conference that China is a responsible developing country and an active participant and contributor to climate change. By 2020 and 2030, the ratio of non-fossil energy to total primary energy consumption is about 15% and 20% respectively. In recent years, China has always adhered to the development direction of clean and low-carbon, vigorously develop non-fossil energy, promote energy clean and low-carbon transformation, improve energy efficiency, reduce pollutant emissions, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, protect the ecological environment, and promote the harmonious development of man and nature.
In the past 70 years, the proportion of raw coal has continued to decline in the volatility, falling to the lowest of 69.3% in 2018; the proportion of crude oil has increased steadily, reaching 24.8% in 1976, then gradually decreasing, and fell to 7.2% in 2018; natural gas, primary electricity and The proportion of clean energy, such as other energy sources, continued to increase. Natural gas increased from the lowest 0.1% in 1957 to 5.5% in 2018. The primary electricity and other energy sources increased from 3% in 1949 to 18% in 2018.
It is worth mentioning that in the 21st century, China's clean energy development has entered the fast lane, and hydropower installed capacity, solar thermal utilization, wind power installed capacity, and solar power installed capacity have ranked first in the world.
In terms of installed capacity, after 70 years of development, China is already the world's largest clean energy owner. By the end of 2018, China's hydropower installed capacity was 35.226 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world; solar heat collection area was nearly 500 million square meters, the world's first; grid-connected wind power installed capacity reached 184.26 million kilowatts, the world's first; The installed capacity of solar power is 174.63 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world.
In terms of equipment manufacturing capacity, as of the end of 2018, among the top ten wind turbine manufacturers in the world, there are 5 Chinese companies; among the top ten solar module manufacturers in the world, Chinese companies occupy 9; among the top ten solar cell manufacturers in the world, Chinese companies occupy eight. It can be said that China's clean energy equipment manufacturing has become a pivotal existence of the global industrial chain.
Looking forward to China's energy development trend in the future, Zou Wei said that with the advent of the 5G Internet era, China's electrification development is an inevitable trend in the future, and energy consumption on the demand side of industry, construction and transportation will become even larger. Only by innovating the development path, vigorously developing renewable energy, and firmly moving in the direction of clean and low-carbon transformation, can we grasp the “post-emphasis” opportunity given by history to China in the current global political and economic situation. Moving towards a high quality economy.
"To this end, China needs to increase the proportion of renewable energy by strengthening institutional mechanisms, technological innovation, market development, etc., and gradually reduce the amount of fossil energy used for coal combustion. At the same time, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions into the power industry and the entire energy sector. The emission reduction targets will further promote the clean and low-carbon transformation of the energy industry and serve as a catalyst and booster for accelerating the development of low-carbon economy in China and the world," said Zou Yu.